Salt Gases Essay - 776 Words

for the inclusion of gases in salt deposits are outlined shortly in the following. Fig. 2-16 shows schematically the geological conditions in marginal areas of the Zechstein basin which provided the prerequisites for the inclusion of gases: tectonic events created passage ways (fissures) through the salt sequence, allowing gases and brines to escape from their host formations below the consolidated — and therefore impermeable — salt sequences. When contacting potash beds, the brines caused alterations of the potash beds, dissolving the most soluble potash minerals and precipitating less soluble salts; as the result, carnallite was replaced by sylvite and halite. In cases where such processes extended laterally into potash beds, sylvite was†¦show more content†¦Although gas inclusions in salt rocks are extremely important in some salt and potash mining districts for their effects on mining operations, they received little attention in textbooks which are now available in English translations, e.g., Borchert and Muir (1964) and Braitsch (1971). This may be due to the fact that, at the time when the German originals were written, these matters were still under controversial discussion; see Gimm and Pforr (1964) with contributions by Obert, Ignatieff, Panek, Baar. More recent publications (e.g., Gimm, 1968) indicate that the views expressed by Baar (1954d, 1958,1962) have been generally accepted. As the formation of gas inclusions in salt rocks requires special conditions, as outlined, such inclusions are rare in salt sequences without potash salts, as no reaction salts could form. This is the reason why the salt domes of the Gulf Coast are free from gas inclusions, with the exception of some cases where gases were occluded in recrystallizing halite, or secondary halite which may have crystallized from migrating solutions due to cooling. In contrast, the salt domes of northern Europe are loaded with pockets of salt rocks with abundant gas inclusions; as a matter of fact, several potash mines were abandoned at the beginning of this century because of the problems caused by gas outbursts (Gimm, 1968, p. 553). To date, no gas inclusions have been encountered in the Prairie Evaporites, in spite ofShow MoreRelatedThe Respiratory System And The Digestive System1640 Words   |  7 Pagesbody has a smaller surface area to volume ratio in comparison to smaller organisms, which are able to gain all gases that are needed though simple diffusion, and therefore is not able to complete all of the exchanges of the materials it requires in the same way. To ensure that it obtains all of the materials that are needed, specialised systems are present within it to allow this. This essay will be focusing particularly on the respiratory system, the renal system and the digestive system and howRead MoreHuman Interference Of The Atmosphere1156 Words   |  5 Pagesheat is trapped by greenhouse gases present in the atmosphere to keep the Earth warm. The planet’s atmosphere contains these radiatively active gases, that radiate energy in all direction. Greenhouse gases are already present in the atmosp here; without them the Earth would be significantly cold enough to freeze the oceans. To understand how important and harmful the greenhouse gases can be for the planet, we need to answer these questions. 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Agriculture would be thrown into turmoil. Public heath could suffer. Rising seas could contaminate water supplies with salt. Stronger sunlight and warmer temperature could cause respiratory illnessRead More Melting Glaciers are Devastating for Wetlands Essay1493 Words   |  6 PagesMelting Glaciers: Great News for Titanic, Devastating for Wetlands Overview This essay is dedicated to the importance of wetlands and the impending danger of rising sea levels due to global warming. Historically we humans have taken for granted the numerous vital roles played by wetlands in our ecosystem and viewed them only as unpleasant and undesirable. So we have destroyed much of our wetlands, and now that we finally see how important they are we are going to lose what little wetlandsRead MoreEnvironmental Characteristics of Net Zero 720 Words   |  3 PagesWeekly assignment - Topic: Environmental characteristics of Net Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB) 1000 words research essay A net zero energy building has a system to immensely reduce the total energy of a building by implementing energy efficient technologies which gives counterbalance to the functional energy needs supportive with renewable energy thus reducing the total energy consumption to roughly zero. Zero energy buildings have certain characteristics, such as effective thermal insulation, usingRead MoreDrinking Water Pollution and the Earths Rising Sea Level Essay1270 Words   |  6 Pageshas it taken so long for us to open our eyes to both its splendor and fragility? We as a people seem to understand that existence is impossible without water, yet we continue to sabotage it both consciously and unconsciously. The purpose of this essay is to heighten awareness of a couple of problems as they relate to the continuation of life on Earth for ALL species. It is not the continuation of human life that matters; this is not our Earth to have. Life flourished here before humans arrivedRead MoreThe Effects Of Sea Levels On The Environment And Humans1140 Words   |  5 Pagesalso means that there are more cases of frequent nuisance flooding. While we can describe the rising of the sea levels as a natural process, the recent trends are a major cause of concern because the sea level is increasing at a very high rate. This essay seeks to examine what is the cause of change in sea level and what effect the rise of sea level has on the environment and humans. Causes of Rising Sea level A change in sea level means a change of water in the oceans. The changes have been linkedRead MoreEssay on Popular Theories of the Origns of Life on Earth852 Words   |  4 Pageslayer, the harsh conditions on Earth was incapable of supporting any life form we know today. Due to the intense activities on early Earth, basic chemicals would have start to react with each other. Chemicals and element such as Ammonia, Phosphoric salt, light, heat, and electricity (lightning) is present during early Earth period which made life possible. Life after this phase can be easily explained through Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution. However, the unexplainable explosion of life in suchRead MoreTask 1a Periodic Table Essay1503 Words   |  7 PagesPeriodic table essay Also you should organise into F blocks and S, P, D blocks. Which groups and blocks belong too? NA- Sodium K- Potassium CA- Calcium MG- Magnesium C- Carbon O- Oxygen N- Nitrogen F- Fluorine CL- Chorine FE- Iron H- Hydrogen S- Sulphur Groups Group 1= Alkali metals Group 2= Alkaline earth metals Transition metals Group 3 = Boron family Group 4= Carbon family Group 5= Nitrogen family Group 6= Oxygen family Group 7= Halogen family Group 8= Noble gases Rare earth materials

Frost, By Robert Lee Frost - 1565 Words

As Robert Lee Frost, an honored American poet once said, â€Å"A poem begins as a lump in the throat, a sense of wrong, a homesickness, a lovesickness.† Frost earned respect through his expertise in colloquial language, and his descriptive interpretations of rural life. Frost often analyzed social and philosophical leitmotifs using settings from early twenty-first century New England. Frost was honored in his lifetime with four Pulitzers. Furthermore, focusing mostly on analyzing Frost’s most popular works, whilst taking you through his life, and the events that shaped his poems, To begin, Robert Lee Frost was born on March 26, 1874, in San Francisco, where his parents relocated shortly after marrying. At eleven years old, Frost’s father died from tuberculosis, and shortly after Frost, his sister, and his mother moved to Massachusetts. Frost became interested in literature and poetry during his high school years at Lawrence High School, where he would graduate co -valedictorian, with the woman he would later marry. In the fall of 1892, Frost enrolled in Dartmouth College, only to return home after one semester to work various jobs. In 1984, Frost would publish his first poem, â€Å"My Butterfly: An Elegy.† As his first poem, â€Å"My Butterfly: An Elegy† truly displays Frost’s true natural talent. The poem portrays the loss of life through the form of a passing of a butterfly, compared complexly to its surroundings, including Frost himself. Reminiscing to a moment when he watched theShow MoreRelatedThe Biography of Robert Lee Frost600 Words   |  3 Pages The Biography of Robert Lee Frost Introduction: Robert Frost was described as one of the most greatest poets in the 20th century and became a sensation for poetry. Its not just his poems that interest the reader, but also his quotes can fulfill your compassion. For example, â€Å"No tears in the writer, no tears in the reader. No surprise in the writer, no surprise in the reader† written by Robert Frost. He is explaining if the reader does not feel the connection in the writers thought, the writerRead MoreThe Poetry of Robert Lee Frost810 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Poetry is when an emotion has found its thought and the thought has found words,† Robert Frost once said. As is made fairly obvious by this quote, Frost was an adroit thinker. It seems like he spent much of his life thinking about the little things. He often pondered the meaning and symbolism of things he found in nature. Many readers find Robert Frost’s poems to be straightforward, yet his work contains deeper layers of complexity beneath the surf ace. These deeper layers of complexity can be clearlyRead MoreEssay about Robert Lee Frost1452 Words   |  6 PagesRobert Lee Frost The mark of a great poet is his ability to engage the reader so that they analyse their own lives. Robert Lee Frost (1874 – 1963) – an influential American poet often associated with rural New England – is brilliant at this and uses poetry as a platform for the expression of his own general ideology. Frost’s belief that human society was often chaotic and stressful and that the meaning of life is elusive, has been promoted in his poetry. Frost looked to nature, whose undyingRead MoreBiography of Robert Lee Frost Essay650 Words   |  3 PagesBiography of Robert Lee Frost Biography of Robert Lee Frost A poem begins with a lump in the throat, a home-sickness or a love-sickness. It is a reaching-out toward expression; an effort to find fulfillment. A complete poem is one where an emotion has found its thought and the thought has found the words Robert Lee Frost once said. Robert Frost is widely admired and recognized for his literary works. He was an honored poet of the twentieth century. Frost may have lived a troubling lifeRead MoreA Brief Biography of Robert Lee Frost1119 Words   |  5 Pages Final Copy Robert Lee Frost was born March 26th 1874 in San Francisco California. He was born to parents William Prescott Frost and Isabelle Moodie. His father was a teacher and later an editor of the San Francisco Evening Bulletin, which later merged with the San Francisco Examiner, following his death on May 5, 1885, the family uprooted and moved across the country to Lawrence, Massachusetts with ‘Robert’s’ Grandfather. After graduating from Lawrence High School in 1892, Robert attended DartmouthRead MoreWhy Is Robert Lee Frost Essay1098 Words   |  5 PagesRobert Lee Frost Famous poets like William Shakespeare, Edgar Allen Poe, and Walt Whitman are some of the biggest names in poetry history, but do they get maybe a little too much attention ? Have you ever heard of Robert Lee Frost, he is one of the most famous American poets of the twentieth century. Some might even say that he is better than Edgar Allen Poe, or than William Shakespeare, because of the way he wrote his poems and stories to relate to the common people. Robert Frosts style of writingRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost Essay1554 Words   |  7 PagesTwo Roads, Two Choices, One Decision â€Å"The Road Not Taken,† written by Robert Frost, discusses a traveler who has to make a choice between two roads. In the first stanza, the traveler remembers standing at an intersection of two roads. Indecisive about which road to take, he seems to believe that one of the roads would be more beneficial to him (Lee 5). In stanza two, the narrator refers to the traveler’s unexpected decision to take the other road by giving details of it. In addition, the narratorRead MoreRobert Frost s The Gift Outright 1313 Words   |  6 PagesRobert Frost Emma Ramsey English 6th Hour December 8, 2012 â€Æ' Robert Frost According to PoetryFoundation.org, â€Å"Robert Frost holds a unique and almost isolated position in American letters.† Robert Frost is very popular for his realistic writings of rural life. He was a great poet and was honored frequently during his lifetime. Frost received four Pulitzer Prizes for Poetry and recited his poem, â€Å"The Gift Outright,† at President John F. Kennedy’s inauguration in January 1961 which got him nationalRead MoreAn Analysis of Robert Frosts The Road Not Taken1800 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿The Road Not Taken Robert Frost Introduction Robert Frost is one of the best known poets in American history, and his poem, The Road Not Taken is among the most well-known of all his poems. Frost places a great deal of emphasis on nature in his writing, as he was a lover of the countryside. He based many of his poems on the New England scenery, which was his home for most of his life. I chose this particular poem because I have enjoyed the readings we have done so far of his work and The RoadRead More Robert Frost Essay559 Words   |  3 Pages Robert Frost nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Robert Lee Frost, was one of America’s leading 20th Century poets, and a four time winner of the Pulitzer Prize. Frost did not receive these recognitions until his later years when his poetic brilliance was finally recognized. â€Å"Frost was a pioneer in the interplay of rhythm and meter†( Waggoner 1). Frost’s brilliance was contributed by many things; including his life, career, and literary works. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Robert Frost was born on March

Machiavellis View Of Human Nature Essay Example For Students

Machiavellis View Of Human Nature Essay Machiavellis View of Human NatureIn The Prince Niccolo Machiavelli presents a view of governing a state that isdrastically different from that of humanists of his time. Machiavelli believesthe ruling Prince should be the sole authority determining every aspect of thestate and put in effect a policy which would serve his best interests. Theseinterests were gaining, maintaining, and expanding his political power.1 Hisunderstanding of human nature was a complete contradiction of what humanistsbelieved and taught. Machiavelli strongly promoted a secular society and feltmorality was not necessary but in fact stood in the way of an effectivelygoverned principality.2 Though in come cases Machiavellis suggestions seemharsh and immoral one must remember that these views were derived out of concernItalys unstable political condition.3Though humanists of Machiavellis time believed that an individual had much tooffer to the well being of the state, Machiavelli was quick to mock human nature. Humanists believed that An individual only grows to maturity- bothintellectually and morally-through participation in the life of the state.4Machiavelli generally distrusted citizens, stating that in time of adversity,when the state is in need of its citizens there are few to be found.5Machiavelli further goes on to question the loyalty of the citizens and advisesthe Prince that because men a wretched creatures who would not keep theirword to you, you need keep your word to them.6 However, Machiavelli did notfeel that a Prince should mistreat the citizens. This suggestion once again toserve the Princes best interests. If a prince can not be both feared and loved, Machiavelli suggests, it would bebetter for him to be feared bey the citizens within his own principality. Hemakes the generalization that men are, ungrateful, fickle, liars, anddeceivers, they shun danger and are greedy for profit; while you treat them wellthey are yours.7 He characterizes men as being self centered and not willingto act in the best interest of the state,and when the prince is in dangerthey turn against him.8 Machiavelli reinforces the princes need to befeared by stating:Men worry less about doing an injury to one who makes himself loved than toone who makeshimself feared. The bond of love is one which men, wretched creatures theyare, breakwhen it is to their advantage to do so; but fear is strengthened by a dread ofpunishmentwhich is always effective.9In order to win honor, Machaivelli suggests that a prince must be readilywilling to deceive the citizens. One way is to show his esteem for talentactively encouraging the able and honouring those who excel in theirprofessionsso that they can go peaceably about their business.10 Byencouraging citizens to excel at their professions he would also be encouragingthem to increase the prosperity of the their state.11 These measures,though carried out in deception, would bring the prince honor and trust amongstthe citizens, especially those who were in the best positions to oppose him. Machiavelli postulates that a prince must also deceive those who attempt toflatter him. In choosing wise men for his government and allowing those the freedom tospeak thetruth to him, and then only concerning matters on which he asks their opinion,and nothingelse. But he should also question them toughly and listen to what they say;then heshould make up his own mind.12Since each person will only advice the prince in accord to his own interests,the prince must act on his own accord. Machiavelli discourages action to takenotherwise since men will always do badly by the prince unless they areforced to be virtuous.13 Machiavelli actively promoted a secular form ofpolitics. He laid aside the Medieval conception of the state as a necessarycreation for humankinds spiritual, material, and social well-being.14 In sucha state,a ruler was justified in his exercise of political power only if itcontributed to the common good of the people he served, and the ethical sideof a princes activityought to be based on Christian moral principles.15Machiavelli believed a secular form of gover nment to be a more realistic type. A Day at the Races EssayHis views were to the benefit of the prince, in helping him maintain powerrather than to serve to the well being of the citizens. Machiavelli promotedhis belief by stating:The fact is that a man who wants to act virtuously in every way necessarilycomes to griefamong those who are not virtuous. Therefore, if a prince wants to maintainhis rule hemust learn not to be so virtuous, and to make use of this or not according toneed.16Machiavellis was that, God does not want to do everything Himself, and takeaway from us our free will and our share of glory which belongs us.17Having studied and experienced Italys political situation, Machiavelli derivedthese views. He felt that his suggestions would provide a frame work for afuture prince of Italy to bring about political stability. Machiavelli writes:Italy is waiting to see who can be the one to heal her wounds, put and end tothe sackingof Lombardy, to extortion in the Kingdom and in Tuscany, and cleanse thosesores whichhave been festering so long. See how Italy beseeches God to send someone tosave her fromthose barbarous cruelties and outrages; see how eager and willing the countryis to followa banner, if someone will raise it.18Although Italy had become the center of intellectual, artistic and culturaldevelopment, Machiavelli did not feel these qualities would help in securingItalys political future. His opinion was that Italy required a leader whocould have complete control over Italys citizens and institutions. One way ofmaintaining control of was to institute a secular form of government. Thiswould allow the prince to govern without being morally bound. Machiavellisview of human nature was not in accord to that of humanists who felt that anindividual could greatly contribute to the well being of the society. Machiavelli, however felt that people generally tended to work for their ownbest interests and gave little obligation to the well being of the state. Although Machiavelli doubted that this form of government could ever beestablished it did appear several years after he wrote The Prince. Machiavellihas become to be regarded as the founder of modern day, secular politics.19rCategory: History

Solution Focused and Narrative Therapy Essay Example

Solution Focused and Narrative Therapy Essay Solution Focused and Narrative Therapy Name: Course: Lecturer: We will write a custom essay sample on Solution Focused and Narrative Therapy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Solution Focused and Narrative Therapy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Solution Focused and Narrative Therapy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Institution: Date: Solution Focused and Narrative Therapy Introduction In the field of psychology, therapeutic theories have been developed, by scholars, to help in healing people. However, some of them are quite similar, while others are different. The main aim of the theories is to offer help psychologist offer diagnosis to patients. There are two theories, solution focused theory and narrative therapy theory, which are of significant help in the field of psychology. These two theories were developed for treating patients who suffer from different emotional problems. Therefore, when the two theories are analyzed a comparison can be made with the system theory. Discussion Solution Focus Theory Solution focus theory can be described as a form of therapy that concentrates more on seeking solutions for the patients rather than finding the problem with the patients. This means that when patients are being treated the psychologists do not concentrate on the problems affecting the patients. Instead, they concentrated on those activities that are helping the patient’s life. These activities are meant to add value to the patient’s life and not destroying it, where Bryan (2009) says, â€Å"Solutions-Focused Therapy does not emphasize problems; rather, the emphasis is on identifying things within the helpee’s life that are working well and using them as a basis to empower the helpee.† Therefore, solution focused theory concentrates more on solutions rather than problems. Major Concepts There are three major concepts of solution focus theory. The first concept states that ‘if it ain’t broke, don’t fix it’ (Bryan 2009). In this concept, the theory encourages psychologists to concentrate on the activities a patient uses to overcome a problem. It mean that, â€Å"this relates to a rule that if the helpee is not complaining about something, do not delve into an issue,† (Bryan, 2009). On the other hand, it discourages psychologist to find solutions to problems. This is where therapists are not supposed to concentrate on those issues affecting the patient. In this case, during a therapy sessions, psychologists tries to highlight those activities a patient was using correctly to solve the problem. Using this concept, patients are easily cured as they concentrate more on what is helping them to solve their problems. The second concept of solution focus theory is more of a continuation from the first concept. It states that ‘once you know what works, do more of it’ (Bryan, 2009). In this concept, therapists are always encouraged to find those activities done correctly by the patient. After they have analyzed and identified them, therapists should encourage patients to take them more often since they have already proved that they work well. It means, â€Å"†¦therapeutic work should be focused on identifying times when the problem is not happening,† (Bryan, 2009). Moreover, these activities should be repeated continuously by the patient for them to work effectively. In reality, therapists should focus on the areas moving on well and not areas that have problems. In the end, the areas moving on well will solve those areas or activities that are not working well. The third concept states that ‘If it does not work, then do not do it again, do something different’ (Bryan, 2009). This concept is very simple because even the patient can be able to follow through easily. In this case, patients at all times should be encouraged to analyze those activities that work for them and those that do not. After a clear analysis, they should not dwell on the activities that do not work. Instead, they should continue performing those activities that work for them. When they continue to avoid the wrong activities and taking those that work for them, they eventually become healed. â€Å"the general idea with this concept is to assist the helpee to discover what works well in her life, †¦ and also discover what does not work well and discontinue those activities †¦,† (Bryan, 2009). Goals There are three main goals of the three towards helping the patient in heals quickly. The first goal is reducing the conflicts where patients think that they ought to do an activity differently to solve their problems yet they have the solution. The second goal of the theory is to help patients stop thinking about their problems and start thinking about solutions. The third goal of the concept is helping patients create achievable goals in their lives rather than creating goals that are not achievable. Narrative Therapy Narrative therapy can be described as a theory in therapy where the patients are encouraged to look back on various experiences to search for solutions to their problems. In this situation, psychologists are expected to evaluate experiences narrated by their patients to establish where mistakes are and solve the mistakes. Additionally, they evaluate those experiences that help patients and encourage their patients to follow them (Nichols, 2011). Therefore, this theory focuses on the experiences of the patients to find solutions to patient’s problems. â€Å"The narrative metaphor focuses on how experience generates expectations and how expectations shape experience through the creation of organizing stories,† (Nichols, 2011) Major Concepts There is one major concept of this theory. This concept states that people past events helps in shaping present behaviors of the people. This concept means that problems can be derived from patients and not from the old interpretation where patients do not believe they are part of the problem. According to this concept, patients are led to change their notion that problems just arise from nowhere. Therefore, using their experiences they are able to establish what could have caused the problem and try to rectify the problem. With this in mind, psychologists can help their patients to solve whatever problem they may be affecting them. Expanding these concepts, human beings come across many experiences in their lives. In their experiences, humans are the ones to choose those experiences to follow and those experiences to do away with. As a result, they end up building their behaviors and characters in the end. From the interpretations developed by humans based on experiences might be positive or negative. Those who choose negative views end up suffering along since they only view future events negatively. Using this concept of the theory, there interpretation can be changed for a positive future thus solving the problem. Finally, this concept establishes that patients are not the problem but behaviors portrayed by them. For instance, a patient might always have a negative attitude towards a certain activity due to experiences with the activity. However, this activity might be of great help to him or her if embraced properly. This shows that the character that has been built in the patients mind is presuming to be a problem since it is deterring him or her to stop achieving the benefit of the activity. In this case, the concept clearly puts the blame on the behaviors rather than the patients thus reducing stress on the patient. Goals The main goals of this theory are based on the psychologists understanding the story line of patients to establish where the problem. For this reason, the first goal of this theory is to assists patients to construct new positive stories that will help them solve their problems. In this situation, psychologists help patients to construct positive thoughts. The second goal of the theory is to deconstruct the lives of the patients. This is where the patients are surrounded by too many negative thoughts and attitudes and they need to change. In this case, therapists are expected to help patients change those discouraging thoughts with encouraging thoughts. Lastly, the theory aims at externalizing problems. This is where patients, with the help of a therapist, establish instances they were able to resist negative thoughts with positive thoughts. Differences between Solution Focus and Narrative Theory with System Theory Based on the two theories, they both emphasis on solutions rather than the problem. For instance, in solution focus theory, therapists are supposed to encourage their patients to perform those activities that help them thus reinforcing their solutions. Similarly, narrative therapy entails using experiences to find solutions that will solve the patient problems. When these two theories are compared to the systems theory, the situation is different. System theory focuses on the problems for solutions. This is where a patient is expected to evaluate where he or she is going wrong based on a group for the purposes of finding new ways to solve the problem (Nichols, 2011). The other difference with these theories is that systems theory uses a group to find solution for the problems. On the other hand, Solution focus theory and narrative theory, only need to use one patient to come with a solution. For instance, in system theory, patient’s behaviors are observed on a group context for easier analysis. After observation, therapists can now come up with a conclusive solution of solving the problem. In the other two theories, therapists only need their patients to evaluate where the problems are and find solutions to these problems. Finally, all the theories have a similarity in them. This is where they are all applicable in a family setting. This means that are applied to treating patients in a family to strengthen their relationship with the other members of the family. For instance, solution focus theory helps the patients understand what he or she is supposed to be doing to strengthen the family ties rather than breaking them. Narrative theory establishes those experiences that were positive towards the family thus encouraging the patient to dwell on them leading to the strengthening of the family. Lastly, system theory establishes where a patient goes wrong in a family context and creates new behaviors that will reinforce the family. Conclusion Therapeutic theories are mostly based on understanding the human behavior for the purposes of coming up with solutions to solve their problems. There are two theories, solution focus theory and narrative, that helps solve family problems. These theories are extremely distinct from the other theories because they only concentrate on the solutions rather than the problems to solve the problems. It may sound complicated but the two theories have proved to be effective in the field of psychology. References Nicholas, M. P. (2011). Essentials of family Therapy. New York, NY: Pearson. Understanding Family Therapy. The Professional Helper

The History of How Time Zones Came to Be

The History of How Time Zones Came to Be Prior to the late nineteenth century, time keeping was a purely local phenomenon. Each town would set their clocks to noon when the sun reached its zenith each day. A clockmaker or town clock would be the official time and the citizens would set their pocket watches and clocks to the time of the town. Enterprising citizens would offer their services as mobile clock setters, carrying a watch with the accurate time to adjust the clocks in customers homes on a weekly basis. Travel between cities meant having to change ones pocket watch upon arrival. However, once railroads began to operate and move people rapidly across great distances, time became much more critical. In the early years of the railroads, the schedules were very confusing because each stop was based on a different local time. The standardization of time was essential to efficient operation of railroads. The History of the Standardization of Time Zones In 1878, Canadian Sir Sandford Fleming proposed the system of worldwide time zones that we use today. He recommended that the world be divided into twenty-four time zones, each spaced 15 degrees of longitude apart. Since the earth rotates once every 24 hours and there are 360 degrees of longitude, each hour the earth rotates one-twenty-fourth of a circle or 15 degrees of longitude. Sir Flemings time zones were heralded as a brilliant solution to a chaotic problem worldwide. United States railroad companies began utilizing Flemings standard time zones on November 18, 1883. In 1884 an International Prime Meridian Conference was held in Washington D.C. to standardize time and select the prime meridian. The conference selected the longitude of Greenwich, England as zero degrees longitude and established the 24 time zones based on the prime meridian. Although the time zones had been established, not all countries switched immediately. Though most U.S. states began to adhere to the Pacific, Mountain, Central, and Eastern time zones by 1895, Congress didnt make the use of these time zones mandatory until the Standard Time Act of 1918. How Different Regions of the Word Use Time Zones Today, many countries operate on variations of the time zones proposed by Sir Fleming. All of China (which should span five time zones) uses a single time zone eight hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (known by the abbreviation UTC, based on the time zone running through Greenwich at 0 degrees longitude). Australia uses three time zones its central time zone is a half-hour ahead of its designated time zone. Several countries in the Middle East and South Asia also utilize half-hour time zones. Since time zones are based on segments of longitude and lines of longitude narrow at the poles, scientists working at the North and South Poles simply use UTC time. Otherwise, Antarctica would be divided into 24 very thin time zones! The time zones of the United States are standardized by Congress and although the lines were drawn to avoid populated areas, sometimes theyve been moved to avoid complication. There are nine time zones in the U.S. and its territories, they include Eastern, Central, Mountain, Pacific, Alaska, Hawaii-Aleutian, Samoa, Wake Island, and Guam. With the growth of the Internet and global communication and commerce, some have advocated a new worldwide time system.

James Ritty and the Invention of the First Cash Register

James Ritty and the Invention of the First Cash Register James Ritty was an inventor who owned several saloons, including one in Dayton, Ohio. In 1878, while traveling on a steamboat trip to Europe, Ritty was fascinated by an apparatus that counted how many times the ships propeller went around. He began to contemplate whether or not a similar mechanism could be made to record the cash transactions made at his saloons. Five years later, Ritty and John Birch received a patent for inventing the cash register. Ritty then invented what was nicknamed the Incorruptible Cashier or the first working  mechanical cash register. His invention also featured that familiar bell sound referred to in advertising as The Bell Heard Round the World.   While working as a saloonkeeper, Ritty also opened a small factory in Dayton to manufacture his cash registers. The company did not prosper and by 1881, Ritty became overwhelmed with the responsibilities of running two businesses and decided to sell all his interests in the cash register business. National Cash Register Company After reading a description of the cash register designed by Ritty and sold by the National Manufacturing Company, John H. Patterson decided to buy both the company and the patent. He renamed the company the National Cash Register Company in 1884. Patterson improved the cash register by adding a paper roll to record sales transactions. Later on, there were other improvements. Inventor and businessman Charles F. Kettering  designed a cash register with an electric motor in 1906 while working at the National Cash Register Company. He later worked at General Motors and invented an electric self-starter (ignition) for a Cadillac. Today, the NCR Corporation operates  as  a computer hardware, software and electronics company that makes  self-service kiosks, point-of-sale terminals, automated teller machines, processing systems, barcode scanners  and business consumables. They also provide IT maintenance support services. NCR, formerly based in Dayton, Ohio, moved to Atlanta in 2009. The headquarters was located in unincorporated  Gwinnett County, Georgia, with several locations throughout the United States and Canada.  The companys headquarters is now based in Duluth, Georgia.   The Remainder of James  Rittys Life James Ritty opened another saloon  called the Pony House in 1882. For his latest saloon, Ritty commissioned wood carvers from  Barney and Smith Car Company  to turn 5,400 pounds of  Honduras  mahogany  into a bar. The bar was 12 feet tall and 32 feet wide. The initials JR were put into the middle and the saloons interior  was built so that the left and right sections looked like the interior of a passenger railcar, featuring giant mirrors set back about a foot with curved, hand-tooled leather covered elements at the top and curved bezel mirror-encrusted sections on each side. The Pony House saloon was torn down in 1967, but the bar was saved and today is showcased as the bar at Jays Seafood in Dayton. Ritty retired from the saloon business in 1895. He died of heart trouble while at home. He is entombed with his wife Susan and his brother John at Daytons  Woodland Cemetery.

Internal weaknesses of Walt Disney company- only THEME PARKS part Research Paper

Internal weaknesses of Walt Disney company- only THEME PARKS part - Research Paper Example rough the Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) Matrix and SWOT that’s a tool that strategically studies the functions of an organization be they weak or strong. One main internal weakness includes the high overhead expenditures that the company accrues. First, the company targets top talent employees and this is done through attractive offers that beat other competitors. They are given inflated bonuses and exorbitant salaries. The frequent refreshment of the company’s work force especially in top management leads to huge costs. Other costs include the setting up of theme parks, repair and maintenance, technology and construction of vacation units which cost billions together with the expenditure for publicity and promotions that are done. Dissatisfaction of employees is another weakness. Such discriminated payments bring other tensions like disputes from the labor people who cause unrest and tension and this causes internal weaknesses. Those who work on the theme parks including the writers, actors and network operators may complain through their unions as their pays are meagre compared to those of the management. A contrasting weakness is the cost cutting measures that may be may be caused by the situation of over the roof costs that the company would incur. Sometimes, the management may introduce new structures, systems and designs for its theme parks and this would in the end sabotage the upward growth of the company. Without quality investments, the services and experiences of their customers would go down and later their reputation might be harmed. The lack of enough developmental property or assets like land is another internal weakness. Although the company is big, matters like the acquisition of new pieces of land require a lot of hierarchy involvement and consultations and this has led to the fact that the Walt Disney Company land for resorts has been landlocked to Florida and the speculative front in California and this means that there are no new

Contract and procurement management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Contract and procurement management - Case Study Example The budget of Ruralshire County is short and it is expecting high quality of services. Traditionally, only a small number of local contractors have the high capacity (100 seater) vehicles for these routes and because the routes are long they are challenging in terms of the ability of vehicles to keep to time, especially in adverse traffic and weather conditions. In keeping with wider practice, bus and coach operators deploy older vehicles to school transport and pupils can expect to travel in vehicles more than 10 years old.  The client is unhappy at the high cost and unreliability of a cluster (8) of long-distance routes transporting around 700 secondary age pupils from the city of Maynard Kaines (located outside the county) to Amplewealth (the county town) some 22 miles away where these children attend four local grammar schools. The combined cost of these contracts is 1.1M per annum. This report intends at identifying the important of this project. This report also intends at identifying the important of reverse e-auctions for the upcoming project. Moreover, this report ends at presenting a business case that identifies the benefits, costs, risks and gaps of the upcoming project (Worksafe.vic.gov.au, 2015). Effective procurement is a key to provide best services to businesses and customers. Selection process of suppliers is a way to identify a best person or company for a service. There are a lot if procurement approaches to select vendors to get service and goods. There are a lot of possible re-procurement approaches to achieve the business objectives mentioned in our case study of home-school transportation. In our case it is important to reduce the costs associated with the transportation of children from homes to schools. The award of new contract is strongly associated with the cost effectiveness of the transportation coupled with less travel time (Imagination.lancs.ac.uk, 2015).

Heineken Environment Analysis Essay Example for Free

Heineken Environment Analysis Essay The bargaining power of suppliers The suppliers of raw materials to Heineken Company are mainly farmers. Therefore, the threat for power of supplier is high. The bottle supplier for Heineken is provided by Heye Glas Nederland which is fully supplied the green bottle for the worldwide distribution of Heineken beer. In the past, Heineken kept only 33% its stake in Heye Glas in order to secure the supply of high quality export bottles at a lower cost to meet the needs for demand but now Heineken has kept 100% stake in 2002. Beer is produced by water, barley, hops and yeast. These ingredients are supplied by farmers. Heineken also mentioned that competition for agricultural products from the biofuels industry that is affecting their costs. The bargaining power of buyers The buyers in this industry have many choices as there are many companies serving beer. This will increase the choice of the customer and hence the threat for power of buyers is high. For example, for serving customer at the pub, there are a lot of beer brands for them to fit their taste such as Guiness, Carlsberg, Tiger. Therefore, buyers now have a choice to choose the one they like. As a result, choosing of customer for what kind beer they want to drink will bring threats for Heineken. The threat of potential new entrants Nowadays, an explosion of smaller brewers has entered the market during the past decade that making the industry much more competitive. Heineken is one of the largest brewers in the world and they have to share market with other brewer. The barrier in the beer market is low. Therefore, the threat of potential new entrants for Heineken is high. This will make Heineken considering to create innovation or uniqueness into their product that can  sustain competitive advantages in the beer market. The threat of substitutes Beer is a kind of beverage which contains alcohol. However, people can switch to drink wine which also is alcohol drink. Customer’s taste is not similar so that they have right to choose what they want to enjoy, so this will affect the beer market as well as Heineken Company. As a result, the threat of substitute for beer market is high. The extent of competitive rivalry Heineken has achieved the economy of scale in the market especially in Europe. It holds about 30% of market share in European beer market. Since the beer market is growing, so the competitors will try to attain their growth targets. The large brewer like Heineken tends to enforce their own strategies to the beer industry and due the economies of scale they will produce higher quality and unique products which can make their own place in the market, hence keep themselves growing to achieve their target. Internal analysis of the company Analysis the resources Tangible: Since Heineken know that their plant and equipment is a key for company production, they invest so much in the infrastructure to make sure that their operation is working efficiently. For example, Heineken have four breweries in Russia, all those use KHS Till plant technology. This equipment at Heineken’s packaging can processes 50 liter kegs in addition to 30 liter at an output of up to 140 kegs an hour. As a result, the two-lane machine can operate with one racking, six washing and sterilizing stations. Intangible: brand name is most valuable asset of the Heineken Company, they has built this name Heineken with premium brand. The company recognizes that brand is very important key for them to develop a strong presence globally in the beer market so that Heineken have a lot of marketing activities for its brand name. Furthermore, branding is also a highly defensible competitive advantage for Heineken; this would bring strength to company expansion. Hence Heineken Company can stretch their production internationally and add more money for company. Management capability: Heineken implemented a number of new initiatives in the area of leadership development in 2004. One is a new leadership competency model that defines behavior expectations from all senior managers at Heineken. The model takes Heineken company ambitions and values as a starting point and translates these into the leadership behavior required from senior managers. With marketing differentiation using different message within normal media advertising can also have differentiating effect. This differentiation will bring strengths for Heineken. When most advertisers are pursuing essentially the beer market with the same message like showing gregarious groups of males in public houses having an enjoyable night out. In the other hand, Heineken managed to differentiate its beer by using a series of advertisements employing humour and the caption Heineken refreshed the parts other beers can not reach. Organizational structure In 2005 Heineken announced that it was created a new top management structure, this would drive and support growth as a global organization. In order to connect functions, operation and finance in a more effective way, the company create a new more streamlines Executive Board. Hence change would lead to create strengths for operating regions and global functions. Furthermore, Heineken has grown substantially over the past four years. The new structure is better suited to the present organization and ensures faster decision-making. In the beer market where the consolidation process is accelerating and rapid introduction of innovations is essential, this is crucial to the achievement of Heineken’s long term ambitions. Culture Heineken is proud of they are one of the world’s great beer companies. Hence their culture will reflect the company view and values. These values create so many strengths for company to develop their environment within the  company. Heineken based on the value that they respect their employees, business partners, customers, shareholders and all others who are connected to the company. Furthermore, Heineken make life more enjoyable by bring enjoyment to life, they also encourage this core value within the working places and atmosphere within the company. In addition, company has a fundamental belief in the concept and delivery of quality, it is also reflected in their other activities such as their social and employment policies. This will create benefit and value both for Heineken and their reputation. As a result, these values define Heineken corporate culture and working methods which help company to do the business successfully.

Beowulf Young and Old Essay -- Epic of Beowulf Essay

Beowulf Young and Old Despite Beowulf’s almost supernatural strength, stamina and stature, he ages just the same as any other human being. In the human life cycle, one generally begins naive and inexperienced and ages into an adult of more wisdom and knowledge. Akin to others in his time, Beowulf starts as a young fearless warrior and grows into an aged prudent king. From the beginning of his life as a warrior to the end as a king, he gains and develops glory, responsibility and courage, all vital to his reign as a successful king. Beowulf’s responsibility differs from a warrior to a king. As a young fighter he has responsibility to his Geatish king as well as to Hrothgar. His king, Hyglac, relies on Beowulf to represent him and the Geats; Hrothgar depends on Beowulf to save his people from the aggressor Grendel. Beowulf professes to Hrothgar â€Å"To heighten Hygelac’s fame and gladden his heart, I hereby renounce sword and the shelter of the broad shield,† (435-448), which shows his dedication and responsibility for the reputation of his leader. As he grows older and wiser, his responsibilities change from warrior to king. As king of the Geats he has a reputation to maintain and the responsibility to protect his people. When the dragon attacks, he sacrifices his well-being for the safety of the Geats despite his justified forecast of his own death. It is apparent that the older Beowulf has much more responsibility in comparison to the young Beowulf. He not only has to...

Image of Faith in Islam Essay

This paper elucidates the meaning of faith in Islam and the image and branches related to it. The paper is based on the saying by Prophet Mohammad P. B. U. H regarding faith and the branches of faith. The seventy branches mentioned in the saying and the highest and lowest of these branches are discussed in this paper. The highest branch mentioned is to believe and say that there is no God but Allah and the lowest of these branches is to remove a harmful object from the path. Muslims follow this saying in various ways and this is reflected in other sayings from the Prophet and in the Quran. The meaning of faith has been depicted in various verses of the Quran and different sayings of the Holy Prophet P. B. U. H. Muslims follow this saying as an approach to carrying out the day to day functions of life. According to the saying by Prophet Mohammed P. B. U. H â€Å"Faith has over seventy branches, and modesty is a branch of faith† (Muslim, 1971). This meaning of faith for Muslims is very important as it provides them with a code of life. The number sixty or seventy does not mean an exact number of branches it just implies that in Islam the branches of faith are multiple. The highest branch is to say there is only one God frees a human being from worship to all other deities like idols, animals or any other being. This is the foundation of Islam which indicates there is no God but Allah and Muslims worship only one God. It should be noticed that modesty has been given special emphasis in the saying by the Prophet P. B. U.  H; it is mentioned because it provides protection against deeds like theft, adultery, abusive language and other such wrong doings (As-sidq. org, 2006). The Muslims lead their lives based on this very saying as the highest and lowest levels or branches of Islam are mentioned as the belief in one God and the removal of a harmful object from the path, this would mean anything between these branches is the code of life for the Muslims. This is symbolic to Islam as this provides the overall functionality of people who follow Islam. Islam is depicted as a religion of peace and harmony. If we consider the last branch which is the removal of a harmful object from the path signifies the wellbeing of other people who might use the same path at a later time. If this is the lowest branch then the higher branches would have more consideration for the well being of other people and this is the core of Islam. Islam is a religion symbolic of consideration and courtesy for others and all Muslims are regarded as brothers to each other. If all the Muslims have the same consideration for one another then Islam as a society would be an entity where people live to achieve harmony through cooperation and coordination.

Law on School Prayer Essay

The issue on school prayer has been subject to constitutional debate since 1960’s. The Court ruled against school-sponsored prayer in the Engel vs. Vitale case in 1962. Such court decision is in line with the upholding of freedom of religion (and the expression of one’s faith and belief). The Court said that one could instead do his or her prayer privately and need not impose his or her prayer to anyone (Dierenfield, 2007). This is the very basis of the Court for implementing the non-school-sponsored prayer in every school in the United States. Such ruling was put into question when another case of school-sponsored prayer occurred in 2000. The case wherein the Santa Fe Independent School District permitted the non-private conduction of prayer (done in front of other students of the school) which is aim to declare support for the football athletes (Status of Current Law on School Prayer, 2007). Although, the Congress had tried to intervene with the issue, the Court still prevailed by saying that the school violated the law against school-sponsored worship or prayer. In order to uphold the ruling of the Court against school-sponsored worship or prayer, the House and the Senate passed the ESEA (Elementary and Secondary Education) in October 30 2001 (Status of Current Law on School Prayer, 2007). This act states that schools that would violate the law against school-sponsored prayer would be denied of federal funding. The Congress position was to uphold the right of students for voluntary prayer hence it disallowed the imposition of school on conducting a school prayer. The fear of losing the support of the government (for public schools) really held every school so that they became really careful about dealing with religious and faith-related issues of their students. They allowed their students to pray or not pray. They do not anymore try to make actions or sponsor events that would tend to patronize particulars faiths or religions. Legal Implications Truly, no one should interfere with other’s way of expressing himself or herself. Likewise, no one should impose his or her religion, belief or faith to anyone (Muir, 1985). Thus, the Court had a very good reason for declaring such decision concerning school prayer. By taking a closer examination on the issue, one would realize that the Court, as well as the Congress, just really wanted to protect the rights of the students for voluntary prayer. Hence, schools were ordered not to support any form or kind of religious and faith-related activities. This is due to the fact that public schools have a diverse population of students who belong to various religions. In effect, if the school would favor one student or a group of students in the school to conduct an event that would advertize their religion, there will really be a violation against the rights of other students on their religious belief (Muir, 1985). The Court provided a very plausible and rational suggestion to religious sectors and the parents of the students. It said that students can practice their own way of upholding their religious faith while not impeding other’s right of voluntary prayer. They can really do their prayers privately. By doing so, no one would complain about the imposition of school prayer. The Congress’s sponsorship and Court’s implementation of the ESEA could really help them monitoring and regulating schools in sponsoring and conducting activities. The schools, in return, would ensure that they would be hands-off regarding religious matters. They should really do that otherwise their federal funding would be denied by the government (Status of Current Law on School Prayer, 2007). To end, the issue on school prayer and the law regarding it intend to promote the rights of the students for voluntary prayer and against discrimination of religion. Schools primary duty is to ensure proper education for their students – and that should be their focus.

Free Essays on Weiner

Shiloh was one of Mason’s greatest and most noted works. The story is set in a small Kentucky town and contains persuasive allusions to popular culture. The central characters are young adults experiencing marriage problems and other disturbing effects of rapid social change. The Moffits have many things going on in their family and they undergoing many changes throughout the story. The switched role of Norma Jean and Leroy is what makes the story unique and great. Norma Jean looks like Wonder Woman as she pumps iron while Leroy sits on the sofa and knits. For Leroy change comes dramatically with a highway accident that ends his career as a long distance truck driver. Now his wrecked tractor trailer sits as a symbol in the backyard, and Leroy tries to sort through the wreckage of his personal life. Physical therapy helps to strengthen Leroy’s body, but no effective therapy is available for his damaged psyche. A small metal pin holds Leroy’s hips together, but his link with his wife becomes increasingly strained and artificial. Norma Jean actively pursues her own ritualistic patterns. In building a new body, she hopes to create a new identity. With her double given name Norma Jean may sound like a good old girl, but she is clearly striving to become a new woman. In addition to working out, Norma Jean also makes music. As a contrast to the discordant notes all around her, she creates pleasing harmonies on a new electric organ. The most obvious example of Norma Jean’s ritualistic efforts to create an impression of order, but such actions are only temporary measures. Their critical task is to put together fragments of time into a coherent personal history. They can hold together as a couple only if they can bridge the painful gaps and unite the disconnected stages of their individual lives.... Free Essays on Weiner Free Essays on Weiner Shiloh was one of Mason’s greatest and most noted works. The story is set in a small Kentucky town and contains persuasive allusions to popular culture. The central characters are young adults experiencing marriage problems and other disturbing effects of rapid social change. The Moffits have many things going on in their family and they undergoing many changes throughout the story. The switched role of Norma Jean and Leroy is what makes the story unique and great. Norma Jean looks like Wonder Woman as she pumps iron while Leroy sits on the sofa and knits. For Leroy change comes dramatically with a highway accident that ends his career as a long distance truck driver. Now his wrecked tractor trailer sits as a symbol in the backyard, and Leroy tries to sort through the wreckage of his personal life. Physical therapy helps to strengthen Leroy’s body, but no effective therapy is available for his damaged psyche. A small metal pin holds Leroy’s hips together, but his link with his wife becomes increasingly strained and artificial. Norma Jean actively pursues her own ritualistic patterns. In building a new body, she hopes to create a new identity. With her double given name Norma Jean may sound like a good old girl, but she is clearly striving to become a new woman. In addition to working out, Norma Jean also makes music. As a contrast to the discordant notes all around her, she creates pleasing harmonies on a new electric organ. The most obvious example of Norma Jean’s ritualistic efforts to create an impression of order, but such actions are only temporary measures. Their critical task is to put together fragments of time into a coherent personal history. They can hold together as a couple only if they can bridge the painful gaps and unite the disconnected stages of their individual lives....

Inspirational Quotes for Student Speeches

Inspirational Quotes for Student Speeches Most high school students will get to experience giving speeches in front of their fellow students. Typically, a speech component is included in at least one of the English classes that students are required to take. Many students will also make speeches outside of class. They might be running for a leadership position in student council or in an individual club. They might need to give a speech as part of an extracurricular activity or to try and win a scholarship. The lucky few will stand in front of their own graduating class and deliver a speech meant to inspire and motivate their friends and classmates for the future. The purpose of this page is to provide key quotes that can inspire you and those around you to achieve to the highest degree. Hopefully, these quotes can form an excellent basis for graduation and other speeches. If we did the things we are capable of, we would astound ourselves. ~Thomas Edison Many of lifes failures are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up. ~Thomas EdisonEdison and his workshop patented 1,093 inventions including the phonograph, the incandescent light bulb, kinetoscope, nickel-iron batteries, along with key parts of the movie camera.More Quotes from Thomas Edison Hitch your wagon to a star. ~Ralph Waldo EmersonEmerson led the transcendentalist movement during the middle of the 1800s. His published works include essays, lectures, and poems.More Quotes from Ralph Waldo Emerson If you knew how much work went into it, you wouldnt call it genius. ~MichelangeloMichelangelo was an artist who lived from 1475 to 1564. His most famous works include the sculptures of David and the Pieta along with the painting of the Sistine Chapels ceiling. The ceiling itself took four years.More Quotes from Michelangelo I know God will not give me anything I cant handle. I just wish that He didnt trust me so much. ~Mother TeresaMother Teresa was a Roman Catholic nun who spent most of her life serving the poorest of the poor in India. She won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979.More Quotes from Mother Teresa All our dreams can come true - if we have the courage to pursue them. ~Walt DisneyDisney was an among other things an animator, filmmaker, and entrepreneur. He earned over 22 Academy Awards for his works. He also founded both Disneyland in California and Walt Disney World in Florida.More Quotes from Walt Disney Be who you are and say what you feel, because those who mind dont matter and those who matter dont mind. ~Dr. SeussDr. Seuss was the pen name of Theodor Seuss Geisel whose childrens books have affected so many people over the years. His works include The Grinch Who Stole Christmas, Green Eggs and Ham, and The Cat in the Hat.More Quotes from Dr. Seuss Success is never final. Failure is never fatal. It is courage that counts. ~Winston ChurchillChurchill served as the British Prime Minister between 1941-1945 and 1951-1955. His leadership during World War II cannot be overemphasized.More Quotes from Winston Churchill If you have built castles in the air, your work need not be lost; that is where they should be. Now put the foundations under them. ~Henry David ThoreauThoreau joined Emerson as a leading transcendentalist. His most famous works include Walden and Civil Disobedience.More Quotes from Henry David Thoreau The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams. ~Eleanor RooseveltRoosevelt was First Lady of the United States between the years 1933 and 1945. She had a huge impact on domestic and international policy.More Quotes from Eleanor Roosevelt Whatever you can do, or dream you can, begin it. Boldness has genius, power, and magic in it. ~Johann Wolfgang von GoetheGoethe was a German writer who lived between 1749-1832. He is best known for his work entitled Faust.More Quotes from Johann Wolfgang von Goethe What lies behind us and what lies before us are tiny matters compared to what lies within us. ~Oliver Wendell HolmesThis quote has been attributed to Holmes who was an American jurist. However, there is some question about its origin and some believe it was first said by Henry Stanley Haskins.More Quotes from Oliver Wendell Holmes Courage is doing what youre afraid to do. There can be no courage unless youre scared. ~Eddie RickenbackerRickenbacker was a Medal of Honor winner and World War I flying ace. He had 26 victories during the war.More Quotes from Eddie Rickenbacker There are only two ways to live your life. One is as though nothing is a miracle. The other is as though everything is a miracle. ~Albert EinsteinEinstein was a theoretical physicist who came up with the Theory of Relativity.More Quotes from Albert Einstein Quit now, youll never make it. If you disregard this advice, youll be halfway there. ~David ZuckerZucker is an American film producer and director whose movies include Airplane!, Ruthless People, and The Naked Gun.

African American Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

African American - Assignment Example huge steps in the lives of African Americans but transitioning from slavery to freedom required some assistance hence creation of the Freedman’s Bureau. The Freedman’s Bureau sought to assist African Americans to access education, food, and health services. Moreover, the Freedman’s Bureau presided over conflicts between African Americans and whites and also negotiated labor terms between white and blacks. With freedom, there came tremendous positive results mainly for African Americans. For instance, African Americans were allowed to own property and commensurate pay for work. For the first time, African Americans were allowed to seek for jobs in white color industry. Moreover, African Americans were allowed to access educational facilities and advance their education. This later saw establishment on black schools and colleges, some which were taught by African American teachers. Ownership of property such as land and access to education was facilitated by the Freedman’s Bureau. Moreover, freedom brought sexual harassment of African American women to an end. Ending slavery also made it possible for the African Americans to move freely to all desired locations. It is also important to note that after abolition of slavery increased production significantly hence boosting the American economy. However, end of slavery also brought new challenges for the American community. For instance, some of the whites experienced land displacement as one of the civil war aftermath. The aging white community found change of lifestyle challenging hence reducing life expectancy significantly. There were also instances of violence due to efforts to oppose slavery end while in some instances African American would express hostility towards the white men. As Americans experience the rule by Barrack Obama, it is a sweet reckon for African Americans as they fathom the challenging path from slavery to modern

What do The Bell Jar and Catcher in the Rye identify as the main Essay

What do The Bell Jar and Catcher in the Rye identify as the main concerns of the 1950s for young people - Essay Example Holden Caulfield, the protagonist of Catcher in the Rye and Esther, the protagonist of The Bell Jar are characters deeply rooted in this conflicting and confusing time. It is probably no accident, then, that both these characters seek professional help in dealing with what may be madness or insanity, or what must may be the stress of living in a time that is not easily understood or explained. Women in America went to work after the bombing of Pearl Harbor and the entry into World War II, and many of them decided that they liked it; American men took it upon themselves in the 1950s to attempt the enforced removal repression of that desire to remain at work. Until America joined the war to fight the dreaded Hun (and the Japanese) in the latter part of 1941, women as a rule really hadn’t had much of a choice in terms of vocation. Unless they were raised on the farm, women basically had the choice of becoming a wife and possibly mother, or, if they desired to enter the work force, taking a job in one of the male-approved female jobs such as secretary or nursing. With the depletion of male work force into the service from 1941 to 1945, women all over the country got a taste of what it was like to work in a variety of jobs ranging from factory worker to professionals. As Tucker writes, women in the 40s were â€Å"commonly portrayed as performing her patriotic duty†”taking a job so that a man could fight† (18). The symbol of the American woman’s liberation was Rosie the Riveter and Hollywood applauded the working woman throughout the films of the early 40s. The only problem is that once the men came home and got their jobs back, many women were not expressing the jubilation of going back home that was expected. Esther’s alienation in The Bell Jar and Holden’s somewhat paternalistic attitude toward women reflect the confusion and tumult

Nurses Dealing with Cases of Women who are Victims of Domestic Coursework

Nurses Dealing with Cases of Women who are Victims of Domestic Violence - Coursework Example as a nurse, one is expected to uphold utmost professionalism. He or she is expected to follow the ethical standards as prescribed under the Nurses and Midwifery Council code of professional ethics. A registered nurse must respect the patient as an individual, obtain consent before giving treatment, uphold the confidentiality of information, maintain professional knowledge and competence, be always trustworthy and must act with the end goal of identifying and minimizing risk on the patient (NMC 2002). On the other hand, the nurse has a legal obligation towards his or her patient. According to the case of Donoghue v. Stevenson (1932)1, where there is an established proximity of relationship between two people where the duty of care exists, the person who owes the duty of care towards another but failed to fulfill such duty, that person shall be liable for the breach such duty of care. According to the case of Bolam v Friern Hospital Management Committee (1957)2, where the healthcare pr ofession failed to perform acts which are expected of his or her profession, he or she shall be deemed in breach of such duty of care. In the more recent case of Bolitho v City & Hackney Health Authority (1997)3, the Court ruled that the delivery of the duties and responsibilities of the healthcare professional should be able to stand of up to logical analysis, where the action should be examined in the context where it would be the right thing to do on such a given circumstance. Accordingly, there are four elements that must be satisfied before a suit can be successfully brought against a nurse or a healthcare professional, namely, the existence of the duty of care, the failure to perform such duty, that damage resulted from the failure of the health professional to perform the duty and that such damage which resulted from the negligent act is foreseeable and is a direct consequence from such negligent act (Horwitz, B. 1998). In the case of Barnett v. Kensington and Chelsea Hospita l Management Committee (1969)4, the liability of the healthcare professional is established where the damaged that the patient could suffer due to the negligence is foreseeable and is the direct result of the breach of a duty of care.

Strengths and Limitations to Research Design and Methods

Strengths and Limitations to Research Design and Methods Carly Reid Abstract Assess the strengths and limitations of each of the research designs presented in Weeks 2 and 3. Recommend a quantitative design for your research plan. Include a rationale for why that design would be most appropriate. For the designs that you did not choose, state why each one is not appropriate for your research questions, hypotheses, and variables. Support your work with references to the literature. Experimental Design Strengths Experimental designs sets the precedence for being the first standard prototypes for researchers. Researchers can regulate independent variables and dispose of superfluous variables more so than other research design methods. With the ability to manipulate contact to independent variables experimental design allows a researcher to conclude causal relationships within the design. With the ability to watch cause and effect and the influence of the independent variable on the dependent one. (Fort-Nachmias Nachmias, 2008) Since the conditions are controlled in experimental design this permits duplication that allows the researcher to authenticate their results. New research is contingent upon experimental design methods because when this research experiments are replicated it allows other researchers to have confidence in a study’s results. (Fort-Nachmias Nachmias, 2008) Experimental Design Limitations Experimental design strives to remove or governs extraneous variables yet this may not always be probable. Especially when the study has to do with real world situations since it’s next to impossible to replicate a natural environment; this weakens external validity. (Levy, Ellis, Cohen, 2011) When dealing with the selection process it may not be random which is necessary to control variables. Samples sizes may not me indigenous of a wider population making results too general to the population of interest. (Fort-Nachmias Nachmias, 2008) This methodology can prove to be unethical or impossible to apply arbitrary treatments to patients and or control populations. Quasi-Experimental Design Strengths A quasi-experimental designed studies lets researchers examine behavior in ordinary situations that aren’t ordinarily pliable to experimental designs. The external validity is increased when using natural samples. (Fort-Nachmias Nachmias, 2008) In this week’s assignments Marques and Lima (2011) studied the effects of living in industrial neighborhoods. Marques and Lima (2011) took a look at how living in an industrial neighborhood can psychologically effect its inhabitants. Since the researchers didn’t use random assignments to compare groups this would be considered a quasi-experimental design. Marques and Lima were unable to control where those they were studying lived. Researchers who create comparison groups through a non-random methods comparing groups are using quasi-experimental design. Quasi-experimental design is a substitute for experimental design since experimental design uses random assignment to groups. For instance a researcher may inquire of the differences of participants in the groups due to gender, marital status, age, or education level. In this particular article the difference was years of residing in a particular town. There was no other significant difference in the four samples. (Marques Lima, 2011) Quasi-Experimental Design Limitations Since quasi-experimental design doesn’t use random selection to allocate assignments to participants to comparison groups, the person conducting the research must be mindful of how the non-random selection process might affect the study results. (Shannon, Goldenhar, Hale, 2001) When determining the differences between groups with factors like age, socio-economic status, gender, marital status, education level or other differences a researcher might want to know if there are intrinsic differences. As a researcher it is important to take into account these differences since they could possibly affect participant responses to the support group to which they are linked. (Shannon et al., 2001) It is also important to note that these differences must be accounted for and detailed for statistical analysis. (Shannon et al., 2001). Unchosen Research Designs Experimental Design Quasi-experimental versus experimental differs in that experimental always uses a control group to which research participants are randomly assigned, given treatments executed by the researcher, and followed by an assessment of the effects of treatment. (Levy, Ellis, Cohen, 2011) Experimental designs measure the connection between the independent and dependent variables of which researchers have complete control of independent variable’s effects on the dependent variables. (Fort-Nachmias Nachmias, 2008) Cross-Sectional Design Cross-sectional deigns surveillances and uses random sampling of research participants and tend to be connected to survey research. (Fort-Nachmias Nachmias, 2008) Information is recorded from the survey without manipulation of variables or exposure of groups to a single treatment. Cross-sectional research designs can give researchers a nominal tool to examine many individualities concurrently like age, gender socio-economic status between the supposed group that is participating in a researched activity and the group that isn’t. This design is descriptive rather than causal. Experimental design manipulates variables unlike cross-sectional designed research. My Research Design for Quantitative Study The point of my study is to define the individualities of a sample of young caregivers of Alzheimer’s and dementia patients between the ages of 28 and 40 to conclude the effects of self-esteem and familial support on stress management. The sample will be made up of caregivers responses to a flyer announcement for participants displayed at a local Adult Daycare center. Contingent on the number of responses, all, or an unsystematically selected number of participants will be carefully chosen. This population was chosen because of the supposed impact of stress on younger Alzheimer’s/Dementia caregivers. The survey design will be a self-administered questionnaire for the data collection in this study. The partiality for survey design is steered by the necessity to gather caregiver responses concerning the personal experiences of these younger caregivers in demanding circumstances with concern to their use of self-esteem and having familial support. The survey tool used was designed specifically for this research. The dependent variable in both hypotheses is the management of stress. The independent variables are self-esteem and familial support. The survey content is designed to identify to what extent participants utilize their family networks. The survey will also ascertain how their self-esteem is effected in stressful situations as a caregiver. The data will be analyzed and interpreted reporting the results of the returned surveys as well as the amount of the non-returned surveys. A wave analysis will be utilized where we will examine returns on select items week by week to determine if average responses change from beginning to the end of the process. (Creswell, 2009 pg. 152). Descriptive analysis will be provided for the independent and dependent variables in the study and will identify the means, standard deviations, and range of scores for these variables. (Creswell, 2009 pg. 152) An analysis of variance will be applied to make contrasts between the independent variables. (Creswell, 2009 pg. 152) References Burger, J. M. (2009). Replicating Milgram: Would people still obey today? American Psychologist, 64(1), 1-11. doi:10.1037/a0010932. Creswell, J. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (3rd Ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Frankfort-Nachmias, C., Nachmias, D. (2008). Research methods in the social sciences (7th ed.). New York: Worth. Levy, Y., Ellis, T. J., Cohen, E. (2011). A Guide for Novice Researchers on Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Studies in Information Systems Research. Interdisciplinary Journal Of Information, Knowledge Management, 6151-161. Marques, S., Lima, M. L. (2011). Living in grey areas: Industrial activity and psychological health. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 31(4), 314-322. doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2010.12.002 Shannon, H. S., Goldenhar, L. M., Hale, A. R. (2001). Chapter 4 Quasi-experimental and experimental designs: More powerful evaluation designs. In L. S. Robson (Author), Guide to evaluating the effectiveness of strategies for preventing work injuries: How to show whether a safety intervention really works. (pp. 29-42). Cincinnati: NIOSH. Trochim, W. M. (2006). Quasi-experimental design. The Research Methods Knowledge Base. Retrieved December 21, 2013, from http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/quasiexp.php

Essay example --

Another solution could be found in organizations, such as Families First, that literally bridges the gap by providing both types of services. The Michigan Department of Social Services founded Families First to deal with child neglect, but staffers soon realized domestic violence was also at play in many of their cases (Findlater 92). After requesting domestic violence training, Families First social workers now provide domestic violence services as they come into a crossroads with child neglect issues (Findlater 92). Similarly, some domestic violence shelters welcome children and can help them with group counseling (Carter 7). For example, lecturer Azucena Ugarte noted that of the Philadelphia shelter’s one hundred beds, ten of them were cribs (Ugarte). An often over-looked key to bettering the treatment for child witnesses is to improve the legal system’s interactions with them. Researcher Nancy K. D. Lemon acknowledges that since the 1970s the judicial system has done a good sign handling domestic violence victims, but she says it has been â€Å"slower to recognize the effect of domes...

Inter-temporal Production Possibilities and Trade Essay

Instead of trading one good for another at a point in time, we exchange goods today in return for some goods in the future. This kind of trade is known as inter-temporal trade. Even in the absence of international capital movements, any economy faces a trade-off between consumption now and consumption in the future. Economies usually do not consume all of their current output; some of their output takes the form of investment in machines, buildings, and other forms of productive capital. The more investment an economy undertakes now, the more it will be able to produce and consume in the future. To invest more, however, an economy must release resources by consuming less (unless there are unemployed resources, a possibility we temporarily disregard). Thus there is a trade-off between current and future consumption. The shape of the inter-temporal production possibility frontier will differ among countries. Some countries will have production possibilities that are biased toward present output, while others are biased toward future output. We will ask in a moment what real differences these biases correspond to, but first let’s simply suppose that there are two countries, Home and Foreign, with different inter-temporal production possibilities. Home’s possibilities are biased toward current consumption, while Foreign’s are biased toward future consumption. The inter-temporal relative supply curves for Home and Foreign reflect how Home’s production possibilities are biased toward present consumption whereas Foreign’s production possibilities are biased toward future consumption. In other words, Foreign’s relative supply for future consumption is shifted out relative to Home’s relative supply. At the equilibrium real interest rate, Home will export present consumption in return for imports of future consumption. That is, Home will lend to Foreign in the present and receive repayment in the future. Home’s inter-temporal production possibilities are biased toward present production. But what does this mean? The sources of inter-temporal comparative advantage are somewhat different from those that give rise to ordinary trade. A country that has a comparative advantage in future production of consumption goods is one that in the absence of international borrowing and lending would have a low relative price of future consumption, that is, a high real interest rate. This high real interest rate corresponds to a high return on investment, that is, a high return to diverting resources from current production of consumption goods to production of capital goods, construction, and other activities that enhance the economy’s future ability to produce. So countries that borrow in the international market will be those where highly productive investment opportunities are available relative to current productive capacity, while countries that lend will be those where such opportunities are not available domestically. Reference: http://classof1.com/homework-help/international-economics-homework-help View as multi-pages

Michel Foucault

Michel Foucault, generally in his philosophy, has created a system wherein he  examines the relations of power as they are transmuted down in a society (not one  that it is held by individuals—and, indeed, it is not so perpetuated), wherein the  refinement of discourse over time allows for the normalization of behaviors and then that  individuals are encouraged, as docile bodies, to adhere to this program of normalization.  Foucault locates the origins of this process in asylums and prisons, and considers them an  Enlightenment technological development, which he calls â€Å"technologies of the self†: But I became more and more aware that in all societies there is another type of technique:  techniques which permit individuals to affect, by their own means, a certain number of  operations on their own bodies, their own souls, their own thoughts, their own conduct,  and this in a manner so as to transform themselves, modify themselves, and to attain a  certain state of perfection, happiness, purity, supernatural power. Let us call these kinds  of technologies technologies of the self. (Foucault â€Å"Sexuality and Solitude 367) Foucault locates these technologies of the self at the center of the process of  normalization that has shifted the process of punishment from an outward display of  power as in medieval executions to an internal process in which the prisoner becomes  complicit in his own punishment. By employing these technologies of the self an  increasingly analytical and ever more refined manner power is able to normalize almost  all of life and make the distinction between punishment and education trivial. In attempting to diagnose the evolutionary trend of the manner in which  punishment has been historically meted out throughout the ages, Foucault suggests that  there has been a gradual evolution from tactics of raw displays of power to more subtle  forms of control. While this might suggest a certain amount of progress in that it is a  progressive movement towards a less obvious brutal form of maintenance of the status  quo it is nonetheless   a pervasive manner of social control and thus the obfuscation of  means of social control over the passage of time, especially since the enlightenment,  should not be mistaken for true liberation or the work of real progress toward a deeper  goal of recognize some eternal truth about human rights. Whereas medieval society  employed the public display of punishment in intricate and executions of the most  excruciating form (such as beheading, drawing and quartering, hanging etc.) to help  maintain social order by showing the direct result of a failure to comply with law,  contemporary society uses more indirect and less overt methods for encouraging its  subjects to adhere to the traditional social order. Indeed, where medieval societies used  overt displays of brute force, modern society prefers processes of normalization, which  are less intrusive:  Another instrument used to achieve discipline is the normalizing judgment. Instead of punishing offenders for wrong doings, the administrators with power choose to  rehabilitate them to attempt to normalize problem individuals and make them a functional  and law abiding.   This type of corrective attempt is used through training techniques  including the use of repetition.   This could be used in the classroom for a student that  could not write cursive well enough to pass to the next level.   For a punishment, they  could be required to write cursive sentences over and over again.   Additionally, to  provide the society with this normalization or conformity, rewards become more frequent  than penalties. For those students that tend to fall behind, the prospect of a reward could  be more appealing to do well than the threat of yet another punishment.   This gives  individuals something to strive to achieve and creates incentives for being disciplined. â€Å"What Is Discipline?† Here, we see the ideas of punishment couched in the language of teaching and  rehabilitation. What is a deviant behavior is simply a mistaken approach to learning basic  social rules that can be corrected and analyzed and subjected to extensive discourse. Moreover, in this instance, there is not only the issue of negative reinforcement via the  coercive measure of the threat of punishing action in response to a putative misdeed, but,  moreover, there is the extension of a metaphorical â€Å"carrot† being extended to the  perpetrator of a violation should he manage to conform to the exact processes that the  captors. In this movement, this ability to make the punished complicit in his own   punishment, is the real power of the indirect method revealed because not only does it not  require an exercise of power, but allows those being punished to aid in their own  punishment. This idea of creating â€Å"docile bodies† by means of indirect punishments that seek  to examine and to â€Å"rehabilitate† rather than to torture is their chief use. Indeed, for docile  bodies are effective because they are given the illusion of freedom, in being offered a  choice between two possibilities they have the trappings of volition but when it has been   ordained ahead of time for them to choose one of the options of the other this merest veil  of volition is quickly revealed as just another discursive element rather than an  effectively â€Å"real† choice with meaning and consequence. Docility is a major advantage  because it allows the docile body to assist in his own rehabilitation and normalization  and, by extension, his own punishment per se: The term docility, or to be docile, means to  have a certain amount of control exercised over you. Foucault says; â€Å"a body is docile that  may be subjected, used, transformed and improved† (Foucault Discipline and Punish,  136). Docility was the way in which someone was trained, a way in which someone cold  be molded like clay to fit the needs of those that are in control. This was done in the  army, the schoolhouse, basically anywhere people were subjected to control on an  everyday basis. Docility is nothing more then discipline, where â€Å"discipline is a political  anatomy of detail† (Foucault Discipline and Punish, 139). The body was no longer beaten  and abused rather it was explored, broken down and rearranged.   Rather then being  destroyed the body was being entered into a political machine that produced docile  bodies. Foucault talks about docile bodies because he is trying to explain the shifts that  took place from the practice of torture and the spectacle to the building of the prisons.  Thus, the issue here is that by this method the body is forced to undergo a process  that, while substantially different from an experiential perspective than torture, has, as its  object, a surprisingly simple aim, which is of course the same ends of enforcing the  stability and standard of behavior that is normative and therefore beneficial to the  institutions of power. Through the creation of such docile bodies who no longer need to  be tortured but instead can be subtly goaded towards the process of rehabilitation and  ergo normalization, the standards of normalcy can be entertained and reinforced within  the individual by the individual. Indeed, even more ingenious is that, by such a method,  in which punishment is rehabilitation, the very distinction between the two begins to  break down. Punishment becomes a sort of identical with the very processes of   identification, analysis, and education. Part of the reason for this is that possibility of an  end telos of this process, of any sort of true enlightenment, per se, becomes an  impossibility, because such refinement and enlightenment leads only further into the  constricting web of discourse. Indeed, since the entire project of enlightenment refuses to end in any categorical  liberation (which is indeed an improbability if not an impossibility) that can be  demonstrated, this should be no surprise. Advances in rationalization and logic only serve  to further refine the methods by which processes like normalization take place, allowing  them to be now couched in doctrines of ethics, psychology, and criminology where they  can be used for the creation of docile bodies when in the past the only recourse would  have been the use of raw and terrible amounts of force: The enquiries have their  methodological coherence in the at once archaeological and genealogical study of  practices envisaged simultaneously as a technological type of rationality and as strategic  games of liberties; they have their practical coherence in the care brought to the process  of putting historico-critical reflections to the test of concrete practices. I do not know  whether it must be said today that the critical task still entails faith in Enlightenment; I  continue to think that this task requires work on our limits, that is, a patient labor giving  form to our impatience for liberty. (Foucault â€Å"What is Enlightenment?† 50) Here, we see that the capital-E Enlightenment has resulted in little more than a  refinement of the â€Å"strategic games of liberties,† which, of course, serve to do little else   to confine one to the rules of the game rather than allow for the possibility of a true  exit, and, similarly the possibility of little-e enlightenment for the individual is equally  impossible when each enlightenment only furthers the discourse and increases the  process of education which is the form of expiation in the principle order of things  anyway. Thus, enlightenment is an increasingly remote quantity whose value remains  unknown and unknowable, while the reality of the increasing and encroaching science of  punishment is advanced in discourse in such a way that the process of discipline is  reinforced through the further and stronger normalization of every single social act, since  the discourse about these acts also multiples, creating possibilities for discourse where no  such possibility even existed before. Thus, the teleological goal of the penal system then seem to be one in which it is  almost impossible to distinguish between education and punishment and, indeed, prison  and the outside world. Through the creation of bourgeois docile bodies, prisons  increasingly do not require walls because the normalization of every activity makes it  such that the mere examination of the entirety of one’s existence links one to the very  concept of the punishment that looks less and less like a punishment:   The ideal point of  penalty today would be an indefinite discipline: an interrogation without end, an  investigation that would be extended without limit to a meticulous and ever more  analytical observation, a judgment that would at the same time be the constitution of a  file that was never closed, the calculated leniency of a penalty that would be interlaced  with the ruthless curiosity of an examination, a procedure that would be at the same time  the perman ent measure of a gap in relation to an inaccessible norm and the asymptotic  movement that strives to meet in infinity. (Foucault Discipline and Punish 227) Thus, the conclusion we reach at the end is that the goal of increasing discourse  since the enlightenment is to make power’s reach ever more diffuse but ever more  pervasive—the inclusion of discourse into previously verboten areas allows for the  normalization of those areas and with that normalization comes control such that the  ideas of punishment and rational consideration seem to come within a hairsbreadth of  merging at the distance of an infinite regress. References Foucault, Michel. â€Å"Sexuality and Solitude.† On Signs. Marshall Blonsky ed. Baltimore: John’s Hopkins Press, 1985. Santos, Tomas. â€Å"Foucault and the Modern Day Panopticon.† Retrieved January 05, 2008, at http://www.spelunkephobes.4t.com/foucault_and_the_modern.htm Foucault, Michel. â€Å"What is Enlightenment.† The Foucault Reader. Paul Rabinow, ed. Catherine Porter, trans. New York: Pantheon Books, 1984. Foucault, Michel. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of Prison. Alan Sheridan, trans. New York: Vintage, 1979.